For the operation of the air compressor to be effective and conform to production demand, there is need for installation of a coupling between the electric motor and the air compressor.It is obvious that during the installation, a flexible elastomer coupling is used to enhance adequate operational requirement and flexibility.The main purpose of the installation of the flexible coupling is to connect two axially oriented shafts.And other advantages may include the following:
i) To transmit torque or rotary motion without slip at same time compensate for angular,axial,and parallel misalignment.
ii) There are many supplementary function which may also include:
iii) Providing for or restricting axial movement of the connected shafts.
iv) Minimazing or eliminating the conduction of heat,electricity or tensional damping and tensioner turning system.
Saturday, December 8, 2018
Friday, December 7, 2018
Location of installation of air compressor.
The air compressor installation should be located in a clean well lighted location and spaceous, enough to accomodate or allowed for dismantling of its accessories or parts when required. An overhead lifting device should be installed for positioning devices and accessories to where it may be required or positioned for regular maintenance or replacement of parts. It is imparative to provide good foundation for installation of all the devices. And also important is water drain outlet to avoid polluting the entire compressor shelter.However there is need for a prime mover for the air compressor which may be an electric motor or special designed with some factor of safety.
Wednesday, December 5, 2018
THE PRODUCTION PLANT PNEUMATIC SUPPLY OPTIMIZATION.
An adequate independable supply of air or pneumatic energy is always very important for their consistency and economic operation of supply of air, and other pneumatic processes including operable machineries in order to obtain the maximum overal efficiency of the compressors, a good maintenance program should be adapted.And the following steps can also be applied to eliminate the first level of the maintence task:
i) To drain the air compressors accumulated water every morning, in case it does not have an auto drain system,
ii) To check and monitor the operating temperature of the compressor and electric motor.
iii)To clean the environment for accumulated drain or debris.
iv) To check for abnormal noise and vibration etc.
i) To drain the air compressors accumulated water every morning, in case it does not have an auto drain system,
ii) To check and monitor the operating temperature of the compressor and electric motor.
iii)To clean the environment for accumulated drain or debris.
iv) To check for abnormal noise and vibration etc.
The advantages of effective energy consumption.
In some circumstance pneumatic systems may appear to be simple in construction, but in considering the work it performs by optimizing the process,there is need for adequate maintenance work culture or plan.The perfomance net efficiency of the plant enable easier flow of production and its one of the major factor for preventive maintenance work and its essential and unique application. The strategy for conducting periodical maintenance task monitors or predicted plant down time also regulate step by step systems optimization programs. why do we optimise maintenance?
- The essence of maintenance optimisation is for reduction of maintenance cost,
through system profiling and selection of alternatives.
It enhances process system adaptation of materials by applying the availables.
And the most tangible materials to facilitate other operable devices that are not effective.
It can cause an uplift on the overal production output.
It can result to overal upgrading of the factory efficiency through predicted order.
but it is an essential elements and are unique and effective in maintenance change management.
- The essence of maintenance optimisation is for reduction of maintenance cost,
through system profiling and selection of alternatives.
It enhances process system adaptation of materials by applying the availables.
And the most tangible materials to facilitate other operable devices that are not effective.
It can cause an uplift on the overal production output.
It can result to overal upgrading of the factory efficiency through predicted order.
but it is an essential elements and are unique and effective in maintenance change management.
Sunday, November 11, 2018
The Effect of Inadequate Assembling Materials And Plant Down Time.
The work of programming an activity without adequate preparation of assemblying components has caused many companies or organization some serious inadequacy in production output.The essence of maintenance planning network is important in case of interpretation of plant details during their operational cycles.It is also based on the technical details involved in the overal plant layout that pro engineers encounters is strategies. Maintenance Engineers are not just ordinary professionals but experts with special guarded preset and understanding. They enhances optimal machinery leverage through their technological initiatives. In a production system network, Maintenance engineer professionals are capable of diagnosing and rectifying plants faults in case of failures or short-down.Their performance begin from its deterioted parts or systems in which the machineries are operated. They trouble shoot the plant mechanisms and the performance efficiencies in the workshop for the best results and effectivity.So failures does not only arise due to malfunctioned parts but may be caused by construction inadequacies,or inappropriate constuction profiling or art of God.Therefore it is always the best work culture to make the materials available in the worksite.lack of foresightedness by the construction company that installed equipment should also be verified.
Sunday, October 21, 2018
proactive planning of maintenance
Proactive maintenance,proactive means preparation against insurgence or insurgencies,it is an act of being ready against short coming of material as the activity commence,which when not taken into consideration could affect the overall performance of the work.So it is part of the maintenance planning. And that may occur when a maintenance work is being carriedout,or is conducted/performed,scheduled and programmed.It broaden the goals and the site plan therefore we should be proactive in our mantenance culture and planning to improve site performance indexes of the overall activities because it is part of the maintenace management planning systems.
Friday, October 19, 2018
Safe Means Of Isolating Machines
The most important point to bear in mind is the process of isolating a pump or machine before work can be executed in the machinery. And it is called the lockout and tagout system.
It assures every department involved in this kind of work, that it is safe to start the work activity ,or it is safe to start the work after all the processes of isolation is completed.
It provide the information to every personal to ascertained that it is quite safe to excutive the task involved.
So each department involved in the lockout and Tag-out activity will close the permit as soon as the work is completed.
And can only provide the keys when the parties involved in the isolation have completed their task and are ready to de-isolate.
The equipment or machine that is de-isolated will be tested to confirm its performance and status.
It assures every department involved in this kind of work, that it is safe to start the work activity ,or it is safe to start the work after all the processes of isolation is completed.
It provide the information to every personal to ascertained that it is quite safe to excutive the task involved.
So each department involved in the lockout and Tag-out activity will close the permit as soon as the work is completed.
And can only provide the keys when the parties involved in the isolation have completed their task and are ready to de-isolate.
The equipment or machine that is de-isolated will be tested to confirm its performance and status.
Thursday, October 18, 2018
Dangerous Rotating Parts of Equipment.
- Rotating coupling.
-Driving shaft and pulley.
-Sprocket and chain assembly.
-Shaper reciprocating head.
-Rotating shaft in the lathe machine.
-Rotating electric motor shaft and pulley.
-Drilling machine Spindle.
-Engine rotating coupling.
-Gearbox rotating shaft etc.
-Driving shaft and pulley.
-Sprocket and chain assembly.
-Shaper reciprocating head.
-Rotating shaft in the lathe machine.
-Rotating electric motor shaft and pulley.
-Drilling machine Spindle.
-Engine rotating coupling.
-Gearbox rotating shaft etc.
Wednesday, October 17, 2018
Protective Guards of Machine.
Stated below are some machine guards that are strategically located on the machine to protect personal that may be working on them.Always ensure they are in position after any maintenance work is conducted in the machine.
1. Self adjustment
2.Hand control
3.Fixed
4.Interlock
5.Adjustable
6.Confined
These guards stated above are essential coupling devices which are installed in some dangerous area of machine to eliminate danger to personal that may be working in it.Therefore ensure they are properly positioned and tightened after an activity is conducted in such area.
1. Self adjustment
2.Hand control
3.Fixed
4.Interlock
5.Adjustable
6.Confined
These guards stated above are essential coupling devices which are installed in some dangerous area of machine to eliminate danger to personal that may be working in it.Therefore ensure they are properly positioned and tightened after an activity is conducted in such area.
Control of Machine Hazard/Safety
Every reasonable personnel recognize the implication of good work performance due to its conformity to organisational standard and enviromental Safety, Security and Operation. Safety and Security enhances effective production performance of machine.They are three principal words that requires adequate illustrations,and actually convey its advantages in the company operational management.It will be an advantage to illustrate how these factors creates some balance in the management of an organization and staff career development and innovation. Firstly the word 'Safety', gives you an insight to create an indulgence in plant management and ascertain that employees are save when they are adequately oriented. The smooth operation of the organization and its safety preventive measures for all necessary predictable occurences of accident or incidence are tailored and controlled, Through safety insight work procedure can also be applied properly without errors. That means that no organization can operate smoothly without streamlining her safety management network.So the development of the operational asset management of a company or factory is not farfetched because it projects the company performance indexes.
Tuesday, October 16, 2018
The machine and its hazard.
The word hazard of machine apply mostly to those life parts of machine that can cause accident,and or failure when a personal is caught, why are the parts called hazardous zone.They are called hazardous zone because the anciliaries are capable of trapping a personal working on it without appropriate working safety gears.viz: hand gloves,coveral,eye goggles, hard hat,good safety boots,etc.
1 It is advised that when a machine is operating those rotating parts should be covered with a protective guards,to prevent accident,and personnels that should work in it, be provided with a protective safety wears or gears to prevent smashed fingers, fall,damage or slip etc.
2.The machine should be provided with a protective safety sensor within two rotating wheel to avoid an unpresented accident and it should also be covered with a protective guards.
3.Ensure to wear appropriate clothing when working on machine and be absolutely very careful while inspecting the components of the machine. And also ensure that the goggle you are using is the appropriate one.
4. when conducting inspection in a macine ensure that your hands are adequately cleaned of lubricant,oil or grease.
5.Do not start a machine without inspecting the oil level, water,fuel and other anciliaries of the machine or equpment.
6.Do not do any work in the machine when it is in operation and alway apply appropriate work procedures, and the neccesary work and isolation permit.
7. Remove ear ring, hand ring,wrist-watch,and other jeweries when working on a machine,and ascertain that appropriate hand gloves are used.
8.when stopping machine inform the operators and allow the equipment to finally stopped by itself, and make sure that you know how to operate the equipment you are working.And where you can not operate or work on the machine ask for the specialist to assist you.
9.Ensure that operating equipment is cleaned and appropriate work culture is applied including the appropriate maintenance procedures.
10, Note that every rotating equipment consist of the following anciliary
-rotating shafts of different diameters,speed, and torsion.
-different set of rotating belts and oil pumps which sometimes might also have a rotating chains etc
-ensure to use appropriate personal protective equipment.
1 It is advised that when a machine is operating those rotating parts should be covered with a protective guards,to prevent accident,and personnels that should work in it, be provided with a protective safety wears or gears to prevent smashed fingers, fall,damage or slip etc.
2.The machine should be provided with a protective safety sensor within two rotating wheel to avoid an unpresented accident and it should also be covered with a protective guards.
3.Ensure to wear appropriate clothing when working on machine and be absolutely very careful while inspecting the components of the machine. And also ensure that the goggle you are using is the appropriate one.
4. when conducting inspection in a macine ensure that your hands are adequately cleaned of lubricant,oil or grease.
5.Do not start a machine without inspecting the oil level, water,fuel and other anciliaries of the machine or equpment.
6.Do not do any work in the machine when it is in operation and alway apply appropriate work procedures, and the neccesary work and isolation permit.
7. Remove ear ring, hand ring,wrist-watch,and other jeweries when working on a machine,and ascertain that appropriate hand gloves are used.
8.when stopping machine inform the operators and allow the equipment to finally stopped by itself, and make sure that you know how to operate the equipment you are working.And where you can not operate or work on the machine ask for the specialist to assist you.
9.Ensure that operating equipment is cleaned and appropriate work culture is applied including the appropriate maintenance procedures.
10, Note that every rotating equipment consist of the following anciliary
-rotating shafts of different diameters,speed, and torsion.
-different set of rotating belts and oil pumps which sometimes might also have a rotating chains etc
-ensure to use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Sunday, October 14, 2018
Inspection or Fault tracing.
The word inspection is an ISO classified standard implying to check and certified the device that is used for storage of fuel, oil and gas etc, for the following:
i) To avoid sudden blow-out or deformation,that may lead to environmental pollution.
ii) It may involved a condition of inspection such as NDT or x-ray test etc.
iii) It occurs only when there is need for it and involved equipment that may have some grannular deffect based on their years of service and manufacture.
iv)It provide details of vessel structural and lateral deformation characteristics and can be inspected for sign of fouling factor that might lead to equipment breakdown.
v)It is also applied in several conditions, either in an operating equipment that is used in production chain or vessels.
i) To avoid sudden blow-out or deformation,that may lead to environmental pollution.
ii) It may involved a condition of inspection such as NDT or x-ray test etc.
iii) It occurs only when there is need for it and involved equipment that may have some grannular deffect based on their years of service and manufacture.
iv)It provide details of vessel structural and lateral deformation characteristics and can be inspected for sign of fouling factor that might lead to equipment breakdown.
v)It is also applied in several conditions, either in an operating equipment that is used in production chain or vessels.
Tuesday, September 25, 2018
Maintenance Optimisation Advantages
1.Reduces maintenance and logistic cost.
2.Reduce resource waste.
3.Increases availability and performance.
4.Minimises system down time.
5.Avoid unplanned down time.
6.Increase productivity and profitability.
7.minimise system equipment repair cost during its life cycle.
8.Recommend repair sites and stock sites for each assembly.
9.Recommend equipment repair only when needed.
10.Optimise preventive maintenance and inspection schedule.
2.Reduce resource waste.
3.Increases availability and performance.
4.Minimises system down time.
5.Avoid unplanned down time.
6.Increase productivity and profitability.
7.minimise system equipment repair cost during its life cycle.
8.Recommend repair sites and stock sites for each assembly.
9.Recommend equipment repair only when needed.
10.Optimise preventive maintenance and inspection schedule.
Failure Analysis
The weibull hazard analysis is determined by value of the shape parameter:
h(x) - B/0 (x-d)/0 (B-1)
when B<1, The hazard function is decreasing,this is known as the infant mortality period.
when B=1,the failure rate is constant
when B>1,the failure rate is increasing,this is known as the wear rate period
where B= the shape parameter
0 = is the scale parameter
d= is the location parameter.
There are few observed failure rate that could be accurately modeled.
by the weibull distribution,some specific causes are:
-The breaking strenght of components or the stress required to factigue metals.
-The time to failure for electronic components,
-The time to failure for items that wear out,such as automobile tyres and
-systems that fail when the weakest components in the system fails (Dolson,1994)
h(x) - B/
when B<1, The hazard function is decreasing,this is known as the infant mortality period.
when B=1,the failure rate is constant
when B>1,the failure rate is increasing,this is known as the wear rate period
where B= the shape parameter
d= is the location parameter.
There are few observed failure rate that could be accurately modeled.
by the weibull distribution,some specific causes are:
-The breaking strenght of components or the stress required to factigue metals.
-The time to failure for electronic components,
-The time to failure for items that wear out,such as automobile tyres and
-systems that fail when the weakest components in the system fails (Dolson,1994)
Monday, September 24, 2018
Failure Analysis
The analysis is drawn through random sampling of machine failures
That if harzard function increases the infant mortality failure, so its causes and persistent in a machine will be attributed to the following;
1.Improper use
2.Improper inspection
3.Improper repair
4.Improper storage of materials
5.Improper installation
6.Poor quality of work
7.Power surges
8.Inadequate testing
9.Damage of material during shipping
10.Poor Supervision.
That if harzard function increases the infant mortality failure, so its causes and persistent in a machine will be attributed to the following;
1.Improper use
2.Improper inspection
3.Improper repair
4.Improper storage of materials
5.Improper installation
6.Poor quality of work
7.Power surges
8.Inadequate testing
9.Damage of material during shipping
10.Poor Supervision.
Failure Analysis
It is imperative to realize that there are period in which no falure could occur,which also affects the performance of machine,such period is called d,when d <0 failure occur before time equal 0,machine/engine performance could either be positive (+) or negative(-) index.this might sound surprise and radiculous but a negative location is caused by failed unit.Failure during transportation and shelf life affects materials and cause delay in maintenance logistics,But generally the location parameters would be assume to be zero.(wellbull,1951).
Sunday, September 23, 2018
Failure And Wear Rate Analysis.
Wear is described or dedined as loss of materials from the contacting surfaces of the gear teeth or slow lossing of metal from the contacting surfaces at a rate that will not affect satisfactory performance with the expected design life of the gear. They are described as follows.
1.Robbing wear which is the result of normal wear in the machine.
2. Cutting wear which is caused by one surface penetrating another machine surface.
3.Rolling fatigue which is primary result of rolling contact within the bearing
4.Combine rolling sliding wear which is result from moving of contact surfaces within a gear system.
5.Severe slidding wear which is caused by excessive loads or heat in gear systems.
1.Robbing wear which is the result of normal wear in the machine.
2. Cutting wear which is caused by one surface penetrating another machine surface.
3.Rolling fatigue which is primary result of rolling contact within the bearing
4.Combine rolling sliding wear which is result from moving of contact surfaces within a gear system.
5.Severe slidding wear which is caused by excessive loads or heat in gear systems.
Network Analysis For Engine Assembling and Disassembling.
The network analysis for engine assembling and disassembling is used for evaluation of duration of project period,which may involved the following,1. early start, 2.late finish, 3.activity nodes, other activity are: 4.Mobilization
5.Main components dismantling.
6.Engine accessories dismantling
7.Bedding/Inspection
8.Kitting of components.
9.Testing and calibration of accessories.
10.Reassembling of components/Torque/Painting
11.Crank and testing.
12.Test Run on Load/Performance Test.
13.Commissioning/Demobilization.
14.Duration.
5.Main components dismantling.
6.Engine accessories dismantling
7.Bedding/Inspection
8.Kitting of components.
9.Testing and calibration of accessories.
10.Reassembling of components/Torque/Painting
11.Crank and testing.
12.Test Run on Load/Performance Test.
13.Commissioning/Demobilization.
14.Duration.
Wednesday, August 29, 2018
Components of Hook-up Systems.
These are some materials that may be used for construction of surface safety valve network or hook-up,viz:
1.kerotest needle valve (1/2''x90degree)
2.pressure regulator (1/2x1/4)
3.water drain valve (1/4x1/2)
4.0-25psi pressure guage
5.Regulator valve
6.Nipple 2''x36''
7.Flowline pipe 6''
8.0-5000psi pressure guage
9.Bracket 2''x4''
10.u-valve
11.kerotest needle valve 45x90 (degree)x1/2
12.sigma valve (1/2''x1/4'').
13.Tee joint.1/4''
14. P-pilot 1/2''x1/4''
15. weldolet. 2''x1/2''
16.Dust protector 1/4''
17.Fuse plug
18.Stainless steel connector,1/2''
19.U-valve indicator
20.Pressure relief valve
21.Instrument line1/4''
22.Elbow1/4''
23.Instrument connector 1/2''
24.Flowline flange 6''x14''x36
25.Sigma valve control 1/4''x1/2''
26.Instrument air.
27.Coupling 1/2''x6''
28.Bull plug1/2''x2''
1.kerotest needle valve (1/2''x90degree)
2.pressure regulator (1/2x1/4)
3.water drain valve (1/4x1/2)
4.0-25psi pressure guage
5.Regulator valve
6.Nipple 2''x36''
7.Flowline pipe 6''
8.0-5000psi pressure guage
9.Bracket 2''x4''
10.u-valve
11.kerotest needle valve 45x90 (degree)x1/2
12.sigma valve (1/2''x1/4'').
13.Tee joint.1/4''
14. P-pilot 1/2''x1/4''
15. weldolet. 2''x1/2''
16.Dust protector 1/4''
17.Fuse plug
18.Stainless steel connector,1/2''
19.U-valve indicator
20.Pressure relief valve
21.Instrument line1/4''
22.Elbow1/4''
23.Instrument connector 1/2''
24.Flowline flange 6''x14''x36
25.Sigma valve control 1/4''x1/2''
26.Instrument air.
27.Coupling 1/2''x6''
28.Bull plug1/2''x2''
Tuesday, August 28, 2018
Field Observation of Well Characteristics
This observation is made based on series of activities that were performed in various fields.It will be interesting to understand that well calibration could be affected by what is called surges. Surges occurs due to the kinetic velocity or energy level of the fluid.The crude oil reservoir is drilled several dept away from the surface and the velocity of crude or oil/gas seem to be affected by this factor.The surging or turbulence effect in the overal calibration process can also lead to a fault, thereby tripped the contromatic system.Sometimes surging in some of the wells are continous while in others, it may be intermittent and also has lots of effect in the overal operation. The particles that associates with the fluid have some corrosive effect in the mechanical instrumentation materials and the instrument sensors.It is therefore expected that adequate monitoring or routine maintenance be adopted, because it will enhance and provide the necessary information on the condition of the contromatic and the well upkeep.
The Safety Gate valves components.
1.Hard hand wheels assy. 24.Spring
2.Bearing cap 25.Pin used only on valves under 10,000 psi wp
26.Body
3.Grease fitting 27.Name plate
4.O-Ring 28.Seal ring
5.Bearig race 29.Bonnect
6.Thrust bearing. 30.Check valves,(10,000 psi wp and above)
7.O-Ring. 31.Grease fitting.
8.Stem adapter 32.Gaskets
9,Packing gland 33.Body bushing
10.Stem Ring 34.Guide
11.Nut Note: w.p= working pressure,where pressure= force per unit area(N/mm)
12.Stem packing
13.Stud
14.Stem
15.Gate
16.Retainer plate
17.Seat ring
18.Seal ring
19.Dog
Monday, August 27, 2018
The safety of offshore/onshore field operation/ calibration of wells.
In active participation on offshore and onshore operations, the following safety processes are essential.
1.Ensure that you know the number of items to take along in each operation.
2.Do not forget your communication radio and each operating field activity or platform frequency.
3.while carrying out well calibration on a surging well,make sure you ascertain the surging differential of low and high pressure lines.
6.Inform your field Supervisor when you are ready for the operation.
7.Radio the production platform on your arrival at the site and after the day's job.
8.Always record your shut-in time and opening of well for production interval.
9.Always pass through the front side of the helicopter to avoid being injured by the fan on the side.
10. Do not step on the rubber stand of the helicopter, a wooden plank is provided for stepping.
11.While in the helicopter remember to put your life jacket and ear muffle and off your phone
or handset.
12.Do not arrange your working loads on the helideck.
13.Take suitable rope to hold your head-hat in position if it does not have such an attachment.
14.Do not jump steps either up or down.
1.Ensure that you know the number of items to take along in each operation.
2.Do not forget your communication radio and each operating field activity or platform frequency.
3.while carrying out well calibration on a surging well,make sure you ascertain the surging differential of low and high pressure lines.
4.All items must/should be arrange at a postion/location where it will be easily accessible for operation.
5.Do not rush or hasten over your plans on the job,but should carefully handle your tooling.6.Inform your field Supervisor when you are ready for the operation.
7.Radio the production platform on your arrival at the site and after the day's job.
8.Always record your shut-in time and opening of well for production interval.
9.Always pass through the front side of the helicopter to avoid being injured by the fan on the side.
10. Do not step on the rubber stand of the helicopter, a wooden plank is provided for stepping.
11.While in the helicopter remember to put your life jacket and ear muffle and off your phone
or handset.
12.Do not arrange your working loads on the helideck.
13.Take suitable rope to hold your head-hat in position if it does not have such an attachment.
14.Do not jump steps either up or down.
Sunday, August 26, 2018
How a well calibration is streamlined.
In most well calibration there are parameters that is expected to be presented to the oil field manager,to enable him have some insight of the well.
A. The name of the field where the activity was peformed must be mentioned and the well number.
The parameters obtained shall be thus:
1.Upstream pressure u/p =2750psi
Downstream pressure d/s=390psi
observation: found flowline valve faulty.
Maintenance:re-connected fault.
Re- calibrated p-pilot
H= 500psi
Lo=130psi
Shut-in-interval = 08.30 - 11.30Hrs
well no. ok. no.4. etc
2. u/s=3000(psi)
d/s=530(psi)
observation=malfunctioned p-pilot and instrument guage;
maintenance=replaced p-pilot.
Recalibrated p-pilot needle
H=800(psi)
L=350(psi)
Shut-in- interval 14.00 - 15.00Hrs. etc
A. The name of the field where the activity was peformed must be mentioned and the well number.
The parameters obtained shall be thus:
1.Upstream pressure u/p =2750psi
Downstream pressure d/s=390psi
observation: found flowline valve faulty.
Maintenance:re-connected fault.
Re- calibrated p-pilot
H= 500psi
Lo=130psi
Shut-in-interval = 08.30 - 11.30Hrs
well no. ok. no.4. etc
2. u/s=3000(psi)
d/s=530(psi)
observation=malfunctioned p-pilot and instrument guage;
maintenance=replaced p-pilot.
Recalibrated p-pilot needle
H=800(psi)
L=350(psi)
Shut-in- interval 14.00 - 15.00Hrs. etc
MODE OF OPERATION
The safety valves system is designed to accomodate stainless steel tubing connections interwoven to form a closed loop. The instrument air from the regulator to the supply inlet of the sigma valve keeps the u-valve permanently open and maintain a pressure in the pilot.The pilot has a calibrated range of low and high and to obtain each parameter for calibration,the flowline pressure has to be determined. Note that the high pressure range is obtained in the wellhead through the crown valve,whereas the low pressure of the well is obtained through the wing valve of the flowline.These classification as low and high are sometimes refer as downstream and upstream pressure,depending on the operators.Therefore the pilot is calibrated at 75% of the flowline pressures both for low and high, however any variation arising from flow causes a bleed off pressure from the sigma valve.The u-valve is actuated by this variation which the p-pilot transduced.This automatically close the gate of the u-valve actuator,thereby shutting off the flowline.The plug is also for safety purpose,and its action occurs when there is risk of fire in the well.As the temperature of gas and pressure increases. the lead in the fusible plug will met and creates a vent for pressure escape; and automatically the u-valve will be actuated thereby close or shut-in the flow.
Saturday, August 25, 2018
Wellhead protective devices.1
3.Sigma Valve:The sigma valve basic function is to bleed off instrument gas or block it depending on the prevailing circumstance or situation.The signal is tranduced by the sensor (p-pilot),which has a supply inlet and two way outlet to the sigma valve and the u-valve which consist of gasket,plunger,and spring.
4.Fusing Plug:The fusing plug is a mechanical elbow filled with lead and acts as fire safety device because the melting point of lead is less than the ignition temperature of oil/gas.
4.Fusing Plug:The fusing plug is a mechanical elbow filled with lead and acts as fire safety device because the melting point of lead is less than the ignition temperature of oil/gas.
The wellhead protective sensors.
It consist of valve basic components essentially for the smooth sourcing of the hydro-carbon to the surface reservoir which are as follows:
1.Regulator
2.The fusible plug
3.The p-pilot
4.U-valve
U-Valve:
For the well to flow sucessfully without the presence of the operator at the site there must be a means of ascertaining that the devices in the process network are adequately kept.So the U-Valve function as a security man over the behaviour of well flow processes.when the flow of the flowline is within the calibrated range,the gate of the valve remain open and hydrocarbon passes through it smoothly without any eruption.In an abnormal increase above the set -point or calibrated range of the pressure;the gate is forced to closed,thereby making the entire operation automatically safe.
The P-Pilot: the p-pilot is designed to sense or percieve the pressure abnormalility or change in pressure in the flow lines.The signal is transduced to the u-valve actuator,note that the p-pilot consistof the following components: piston,plunger,torgle valve,spring(low and high tension) and adjustable screw.
Sigma Valve:The basic function of this device is to bleed-off instrument gas or block it based on the percieveable condition.The signal is percieved or transduced by the sensor (p-pilot). It is a three-way
valve with a supply inlet and two outlets to the p-pilot and u-valve,whch consist of gasket, plunger and springway.
Fusible plug:The fusible plug is a mechanical elbow filled with lead and acts as a fire safety device.
1.Regulator
2.The fusible plug
3.The p-pilot
4.U-valve
U-Valve:
For the well to flow sucessfully without the presence of the operator at the site there must be a means of ascertaining that the devices in the process network are adequately kept.So the U-Valve function as a security man over the behaviour of well flow processes.when the flow of the flowline is within the calibrated range,the gate of the valve remain open and hydrocarbon passes through it smoothly without any eruption.In an abnormal increase above the set -point or calibrated range of the pressure;the gate is forced to closed,thereby making the entire operation automatically safe.
The P-Pilot: the p-pilot is designed to sense or percieve the pressure abnormalility or change in pressure in the flow lines.The signal is transduced to the u-valve actuator,note that the p-pilot consistof the following components: piston,plunger,torgle valve,spring(low and high tension) and adjustable screw.
Sigma Valve:The basic function of this device is to bleed-off instrument gas or block it based on the percieveable condition.The signal is percieved or transduced by the sensor (p-pilot). It is a three-way
valve with a supply inlet and two outlets to the p-pilot and u-valve,whch consist of gasket, plunger and springway.
Fusible plug:The fusible plug is a mechanical elbow filled with lead and acts as a fire safety device.
Wellhead Maintenance Advantages.
The wellhead also enhance well maintenance advantages and means of servicing all the downhole devices installed in the well such as hydraulic parkers,subsurface safety,production of dual reservoir,opening of sliding sleeves and surface safety valves calibration.It also enable means of pump down techniques and maintenance services through wireline. The well head valves are produced from high grade alloy casted to resist high pressurs above 0-9,998 to 0-24,750 (psi). allowable minimum and utmost working pressure.
AN BRIEF OVERVIEW OF OIL WELL PROCESSES.
The oil/gas industry is one of the most sophiscated operation where various anciliaries are employed to achieve their goals, and almost all areas of professional fields are involved in order to accomplish what is desirable.Its excellent gearing can not be overemphasied and on the sucessful completion of a drilling rig work , an installation of the well safety devices such as hydraulic packers,surface control subsurface valves (scssv)and the surface safety valves (ssv) are installed for process protection.It is activated when the necessary storage has been provided,then the necessary process network will be enabled to produce and flow through the piping network .However before it may begin to flow a christmas tree has to be install on the well annulus which will be used to control the flow of hydro carbon to the surface reserviour.The making of crude oil requires series of steps.The well-head is therefore installed and as an assembly of valves for controlling the flow on the processes hence creates an enabling system to direct the flow of oil to the surface seperators where oil,gas and water is seperated.So each of the fluid will flow according to their energy level.
Thursday, August 23, 2018
Barton-Meter Disassembling.
1.To remove chart plate,push the two chart clips and and carefully remove the plate,
watch ends to see how they are position.
2.Clock winding is carried out with a key,and is done in the clockwise direction.
3.The chart pen has a clip and it is removable.
4.The barton-meter calibration is usually carried out in the worksop.
watch ends to see how they are position.
2.Clock winding is carried out with a key,and is done in the clockwise direction.
3.The chart pen has a clip and it is removable.
4.The barton-meter calibration is usually carried out in the worksop.
Barton Meter Assemblying
1.Mount chart plate to position and clipped.
2.Check pen if it is ok,where otherwise stated,replace pen.
3.Replace chart and position it to zero point(psi),clipped it,
and ensure that its ends conform to the groove.
4.Replace pen position by displacing it downward of the linkage.
5.Lift up the cover linkage to close and lock knob by turning it clockwise.
6.The instrument line linkage swage lock size is 3/8''.
7.Turn handle anticlockwise to open.
8. Lift the upper linkage to remove pen from chart.
9.At the centre of the chart,push chart clip and lift it up to remove the chart.
2.Check pen if it is ok,where otherwise stated,replace pen.
3.Replace chart and position it to zero point(psi),clipped it,
and ensure that its ends conform to the groove.
4.Replace pen position by displacing it downward of the linkage.
5.Lift up the cover linkage to close and lock knob by turning it clockwise.
6.The instrument line linkage swage lock size is 3/8''.
7.Turn handle anticlockwise to open.
8. Lift the upper linkage to remove pen from chart.
9.At the centre of the chart,push chart clip and lift it up to remove the chart.
Barton meter -Overview.
Differential has double pen arm and linkages at 90 degree centigrade,connected to the barton tube chart and graduated in time/lbs/inch or psi.
The static has only one pen arm.These analysis is being presented in this article as a part of the test carried out after the manfacturing and design of the product.The composition of the barton meter,types of internal components are specified herein.Be it also known that the system of how the calibration of a barton meter is conducted will also be presented.
The static has only one pen arm.These analysis is being presented in this article as a part of the test carried out after the manfacturing and design of the product.The composition of the barton meter,types of internal components are specified herein.Be it also known that the system of how the calibration of a barton meter is conducted will also be presented.
The barton meter- brief overview.
The device barton-meter is an instrument device, that is used in process line to monitor the flow of fluid along the process network,it is calibrated in low and high pressures and it enables the interpretation of the variance,displacement of the pressure differential and the fluid temperature.In the event of hydrotest some special variable can also be easily interpreted when mounted on the discharge.there two types of barton meter,viz, i) Differential ii) Static. It consist of several components such as the following:
1. A chart plate with clip and other accessories.
2.It has pen link.
3.Linkage
4.Cover
5.A Clock
6.A Chart-pen
1. A chart plate with clip and other accessories.
2.It has pen link.
3.Linkage
4.Cover
5.A Clock
6.A Chart-pen
Wednesday, August 22, 2018
confirmation and evaluation.
The materials that are specified in the design and production of the pump are highly recommended and adequate care must be taken in its selection,stainless steel materials will be of utmost advantage.
Many organization in which the pump were used in performing a hydrotest can always attest on its effectiveness, and adequate care must be taken to avoid hydrotesting errors.The design of the pump is used for hydrotesting of vessels, scrubbers,pipelines and boilers systems.It has been applied in several companies both in manufacturing industries and production company and their requirements were achieved.The pressuring process does not seem to experience any constrain in the sequence of the test,and the range of its performance is within norminal standard, 0 - 5000(psi).if the specified pressure output is converted it will be about, lb/in2,=1bar=14.6 psi, hence,5000/14.6=342.67lbs/in2.
Many organization in which the pump were used in performing a hydrotest can always attest on its effectiveness, and adequate care must be taken to avoid hydrotesting errors.The design of the pump is used for hydrotesting of vessels, scrubbers,pipelines and boilers systems.It has been applied in several companies both in manufacturing industries and production company and their requirements were achieved.The pressuring process does not seem to experience any constrain in the sequence of the test,and the range of its performance is within norminal standard, 0 - 5000(psi).if the specified pressure output is converted it will be about, lb/in2,=1bar=14.6 psi, hence,5000/14.6=342.67lbs/in2.
Design Definition.
The task may involved additional field requirements and other devices, which can only be easily obtained in the operating field. It therefore imply that a site visit will justify the exact size of device that can be used for such work. Identification of material specifiction is also essential,and a site report because incomplete site requirement could make the task difficult,and poorly performed.viz:
1.Flowline dimension
2,Flange size
3.Size of vessel
4.The pump size and orientation.
5.Mounting.
6.Instrument valve etc.
7.Design drawing
The oil and gas industry whose activity involved almost all facet of engineering process,, experience
differences in maintenance update and some other application.
1.Flowline dimension
2,Flange size
3.Size of vessel
4.The pump size and orientation.
5.Mounting.
6.Instrument valve etc.
7.Design drawing
The oil and gas industry whose activity involved almost all facet of engineering process,, experience
differences in maintenance update and some other application.
Material analysis-1
Discritiontion of materials Qty Materials Specification
1.Twin pressure guage
2.Diaphragm pump
3.Twin pressure regulator
4.Equal Tee
5.Nipple
6.Kerotest needle valve
7.connector3/8''x1/4''x1/2''
8.Bushing 1x1/2'
9.Nipple 1/2''x6'',3/8''x 3/8'',
10.Equal Tee,1/4''x1/4''
11.Tubing connector,1/4x1/8''.
12.Pressure relief valve,1/4''
13.Pressure gauge 1/4''
14, Base plate 2'x4',2'x8'
15.Base stand dxh) etc.,U-clamp,pant.
1.Twin pressure guage
2.Diaphragm pump
3.Twin pressure regulator
4.Equal Tee
5.Nipple
6.Kerotest needle valve
7.connector3/8''x1/4''x1/2''
8.Bushing 1x1/2'
9.Nipple 1/2''x6'',3/8''x 3/8'',
10.Equal Tee,1/4''x1/4''
11.Tubing connector,1/4x1/8''.
12.Pressure relief valve,1/4''
13.Pressure gauge 1/4''
14, Base plate 2'x4',2'x8'
15.Base stand dxh) etc.,U-clamp,pant.
MATERIALS ANALYSIS.
The materials required for performing hydrotest activities at the worksite may involved the following:
1.Barton-meter
2.Pressure chart.
3. completeTool-box.
4.Tipe wrench
5.Diaphragm pneumatic water pump.
6.Water reservior
7.Pressure regulator,i/p=60psi, o/p=300psi.
8.Stainless steel tubing materials
9.Kerotest needle valve
10.Pressure relief valve
11. Pressure indicator
12.Twin air regulator
13. Paint
1.Barton-meter
2.Pressure chart.
3. completeTool-box.
4.Tipe wrench
5.Diaphragm pneumatic water pump.
6.Water reservior
7.Pressure regulator,i/p=60psi, o/p=300psi.
8.Stainless steel tubing materials
9.Kerotest needle valve
10.Pressure relief valve
11. Pressure indicator
12.Twin air regulator
13. Paint
Tuesday, August 21, 2018
DPR-Reference.
4)All compressed-air recievers shall be drained of liquid daily where the internal surface of the reciever can not be examined and in any event not often less than once every 26months. The reciever shall be tested hydraulically to the recommended test pressures.
5) Gas seperators shall be tested whenever the opportunity occurs and at interval not exceeding five years. They shall be tested to the recommended test pressures which shall not be less than half times the design working pressure.
6)Relieve valves shall be inspected at least once every six months,or at shorter interval as shall be necessary to maintain them in a satisfactory condition to ensure that they operates effectively as soon as the safe working pressure is exceeded.They shall be set to operate at pressure not exceeding ten percent (10%) above the working pressure and shall pass full design quality at the setting.All safety valve shall be stamped or tagged at their set pumping pressure,where appropriate bursting discs may be used in lieu of safety valves.
5) Gas seperators shall be tested whenever the opportunity occurs and at interval not exceeding five years. They shall be tested to the recommended test pressures which shall not be less than half times the design working pressure.
6)Relieve valves shall be inspected at least once every six months,or at shorter interval as shall be necessary to maintain them in a satisfactory condition to ensure that they operates effectively as soon as the safe working pressure is exceeded.They shall be set to operate at pressure not exceeding ten percent (10%) above the working pressure and shall pass full design quality at the setting.All safety valve shall be stamped or tagged at their set pumping pressure,where appropriate bursting discs may be used in lieu of safety valves.
Monday, August 20, 2018
DPR- Reference- 1
1. Every pressure vessel shall be fitted with a tested presure guage,graduated in pounds per square inch or the metric equivalent and guage pressure shall be checked for accuracy at interval not exceeding six months.
2. All new pipeworks shall be tested in accordance with ASME working pressure befor being put in service. Pipe works shall also be similarly tested when alteration or repairs have been carried out.
3. All pressure vessels and their fitting in use in the oil field installations shall meet the America society of engineers code and as far as their routine inspection and testing are concerned. These shall comply with the requirement of factories acts. A record of such inspection and testing shall be maintained to the satisfaction of Chief petroleum Engineer.In particular,The following matters shall be carried out and recorded (Factory Acts cap.66)
2. All new pipeworks shall be tested in accordance with ASME working pressure befor being put in service. Pipe works shall also be similarly tested when alteration or repairs have been carried out.
3. All pressure vessels and their fitting in use in the oil field installations shall meet the America society of engineers code and as far as their routine inspection and testing are concerned. These shall comply with the requirement of factories acts. A record of such inspection and testing shall be maintained to the satisfaction of Chief petroleum Engineer.In particular,The following matters shall be carried out and recorded (Factory Acts cap.66)
Sunday, August 19, 2018
THE ESSENTIAL NEEDS OF THE SURVEY.
There are series of experiments and surveys that are conducted in the fields and the flowstations in which their results are essential for the safety of the production facilities,vessels,coolers and others.The vessels where the crude oil is collected and stored are inspected when their last test date has expired. These survey results are obtained to determine the condition of the storage tanks and the design factors.Every vessels and materials have some specification of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM ),which enable the end user to apply the proper systems of maintenance in the facility.
The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) design specifications may consist of the following.
1) The allowable stress factor.
2) Manufacturer date and year of equipment design.
3) Factor of safety
4) Design materials
5) Manufacturer date of test and the interval/lag.
These are the few factors that are usually inspected in each storage vessels,coolers, and others . Each item specification shall be defined according their category and specification.
The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) design specifications may consist of the following.
1) The allowable stress factor.
2) Manufacturer date and year of equipment design.
3) Factor of safety
4) Design materials
5) Manufacturer date of test and the interval/lag.
These are the few factors that are usually inspected in each storage vessels,coolers, and others . Each item specification shall be defined according their category and specification.
Saturday, August 18, 2018
THE STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS.
In every engineering environment, series of technical activities are involved,and in such circumstance absolute care must be taken to avoid unsafe operations for any co-activity, meaning that effective supervision is essential for the sucessful performance of the task. Other problems might be the following:
1.To determine the possible ways of the hdrotesting vessels or other anciliaries.
2.To confirm the proficiency of the contractor carryingout the tasks.
3.To carry out surveys of the environment or vicinity where the task will be conducted or position.
4.To determine or differentiate lags in the existing facility.
5.To produce effects and make recommendation of areas of interest.
1.To determine the possible ways of the hdrotesting vessels or other anciliaries.
2.To confirm the proficiency of the contractor carryingout the tasks.
3.To carry out surveys of the environment or vicinity where the task will be conducted or position.
4.To determine or differentiate lags in the existing facility.
5.To produce effects and make recommendation of areas of interest.
METHOD OF INSTALLATION OF PNEUMATIC PUMP.
The pneumatic pump is sometimes called the instrument pump because it uses air to fuction, they are of various types.it enhance effective safety measures and simple in design and application.It is also attached a water reservior in its suction, to enhace effective leverage during the transportation phenomena.The essence of pneumatic pump is for easier installation in the facility since usage of air and water is their major operational requirement.The oil company operating in the Nation are technically proven, and the need for a case study on the installation is vital to avoid any technical drawdown,or flaw during such operation.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The following suggestions are presented for production well:
i) The environment for installation of tree should be carefully checked, to enhance adequate positioning for maintenance of the wells.
ii) The installation of pits should also be protected aginst falls and accident.
iii) It will be wise to install some pump within the well vicinity for evacaution of water etc.
i) The environment for installation of tree should be carefully checked, to enhance adequate positioning for maintenance of the wells.
ii) The installation of pits should also be protected aginst falls and accident.
iii) It will be wise to install some pump within the well vicinity for evacaution of water etc.
FINDINGS IN SEQUENCE OF OIL PRODUCTION SURVEY.
i) The two major wellhead facilities are the Cameron and Gray Tree which is mounted on the surface of the well annulus, for conduction of oil/gas production to the surface reservoir.They consist of interrelated valves for control/conducting of the hydro-carbon to the surface reservoir.
ii) The companies hook-up systems are not of the same design and construction.
iii)The hydrotesting of vessels are performed by some specialist companies.
ii) The companies hook-up systems are not of the same design and construction.
iii)The hydrotesting of vessels are performed by some specialist companies.
A simple Design of Hydrotesting pump for vessels and comparative study of oil and gas wellhead monitoring process.
The design of a hydro-testing pump for vessels and comparative study of oil/Gas wellhead monitoring process is performed for updates of corrosion effects in vessels and nature of operational field monitoring devices.Though it was conducted as a research project to create better opportunity for effective outcome however, it is conductd as a part of some of the recommendations made by the Directorate of petroleum resources,(DPR).
Prior to this discussion it will be reasonable to creates few interval and make some simple definitions of terms of reference.
i) Hydro-test means a system of using water to inject into a vessel with the application of a hydro- test pump designed above the test/calibrated range of the vessel.
ii) In the process of such activity,the client/DPR/insurance/Specialist representatives are usually involved at the site.
iii)It is performed in conformation of some recommendations to determine the structural granular conditions of the vessel /corrosion allowable factor.etc
iv) On sucessful conclusion of the test a certificate will be issued by DPR.
Prior to this discussion it will be reasonable to creates few interval and make some simple definitions of terms of reference.
i) Hydro-test means a system of using water to inject into a vessel with the application of a hydro- test pump designed above the test/calibrated range of the vessel.
ii) In the process of such activity,the client/DPR/insurance/Specialist representatives are usually involved at the site.
iii)It is performed in conformation of some recommendations to determine the structural granular conditions of the vessel /corrosion allowable factor.etc
iv) On sucessful conclusion of the test a certificate will be issued by DPR.
Friday, June 1, 2018
what is work initiation stage preparation and project sequences:
The requirement for work or project identification or initiation involved creative evaluation and realization.
Its importance,and necessary support it will render to the society or company occurs when its improvement becomes paramount.
It also discusses on the system of work or task preparation which is very essential because it involved evaluation of the task or job and the necessary key procedure and tooling.
Every work starts with some steps that will be identified firstly from the department, state government, or federal authority or company that own the machine or project which sees also the need of the facility as being important.
The steps might involved the following: i) identification of the needs,why it should be done and its utility network. ii) its essential nature and return after investment, iii)can it improve daily production requirement,and iv) what other profits shall we derrive from it. Hence it becomes a case study to be presented in a departmental meeting where planning begins and the necessary anciliary that will be required enumerated.
some element that require consistent monitoring
The operating equipment require consistent monitoring with the following specifications. i) How do we monitor an operating electric motor. It shall be monitored every morning and the following area that should be monitored may consist of the following ;i) the driving belt fouling condition.ii) the drive end and non drive end temperature of the bearings, iii) the fan resonance. iv) the motor operating temperature,v) the absorbed power of the phases. vi) the ambient rating, vii) protective guard and viii) check the foundation bolts condition,tighten it, if loosed. it is necessary to ascertain that operating machines are working and performing accordingly, to avoid sudden short down,
The essential element of a rotating equipment.
The activities in the oil and gas production industry are mostly centred on rotating equipment, and the -electric motor is one of the most essential machine that is used in the operating machinery.Its reliability to enhance effective performance of the fan coolers can hadly be overemphasied. it susbtained the effeciency of the network and develop accessibility to monitoring of the machine performance coefficient.Its importance in operating of the most producing devices that are used in the transportation phenomena demands effecient and consistent montoring.It consist of the following elements:- bearing,stator,the coil,seals,fan,and fan cover etc. The inspection of the device is programmed to suite the site operating maintenance schedules and procedure.often, its essential needs require adequate upkeep, implying that parts and spare motors should always be available.
Wednesday, May 30, 2018
Effect of Wrong Alignment.
- In all production company, there is a machine that is called Pump, and their sizes varies from one design to the other. There are also several manufacturer that specialized in it .
-A pump is commonly used in the industry for various purposes,depending on the application.
- it is commonly used in the oil company for network phenomena and production purposes.
-It is defined as a device that is used for transportation of fluid from one surface reservoir to the other.There are also pumps that can be install in subsurface devices.
- It could further be explained or defined as a device that consist of impeller,shaft,gland,seal, and other accessories.Its performance velocity from the suction to the discharge also enables the lifting phenomena of fluid.
- Its purpose can also be applied in various condition in other to accomplish a set objective.
-In the process of installation and alignment of the device,ensure that the alignment is carefully performed to its standard. Poor alignment may demage the device, so it is always good to check the precise specification from the manufacturer. Monitor the installation of the pump and ascertain that exact specification is within the norminal standard. There should be no compromise on poor alignment.otherwise you stand the risk of demaging the equipment.
-Every pump manufacturer has their specification and its seal types and designs etc.
-A pump is commonly used in the industry for various purposes,depending on the application.
- it is commonly used in the oil company for network phenomena and production purposes.
-It is defined as a device that is used for transportation of fluid from one surface reservoir to the other.There are also pumps that can be install in subsurface devices.
- It could further be explained or defined as a device that consist of impeller,shaft,gland,seal, and other accessories.Its performance velocity from the suction to the discharge also enables the lifting phenomena of fluid.
- Its purpose can also be applied in various condition in other to accomplish a set objective.
-In the process of installation and alignment of the device,ensure that the alignment is carefully performed to its standard. Poor alignment may demage the device, so it is always good to check the precise specification from the manufacturer. Monitor the installation of the pump and ascertain that exact specification is within the norminal standard. There should be no compromise on poor alignment.otherwise you stand the risk of demaging the equipment.
-Every pump manufacturer has their specification and its seal types and designs etc.
Tuesday, April 3, 2018
Engineering, my observations
If one is generous with definition, it will be possible to claim that engineering is one of the oldest human activities, and civil engineering in particular is the basis of urban development and civilization.
All engineering upto the19th century grew out of simple handcraft of the new stone age and it has had a more or less a continuous history.
In a primitive form,it may maintain some sort of existance through the dark ages and unlike academic activities,it retained its essential character after the renaisance.
But looking back over the relative short time in some area of the world,there is a relization of a greater change in engineering philosophy from any point.
It is difficult to pin down exactly how the changes came about.perhaps,it is normal maturing process.
It may have been the asimilation of the hard lessons of experience.
It seems there is no one thing that can be identified as causing the change but rather a combination of many things in which there is no space to mention.
What is important is that the change had occured.
The change is this ,engineering is so much more than one realises an undergraduate.
There the concern is with theorical engineering tool with there bases,structures and usage.
The technique of mathematice,physis, chemistry and the advance derrivatives such as electricity,thermodynamics,structural analysis and mechanics that become familier to the engineering student.
one became adapted at reasoning, defining problems and applying proven methods for solving problems.
All engineering upto the19th century grew out of simple handcraft of the new stone age and it has had a more or less a continuous history.
In a primitive form,it may maintain some sort of existance through the dark ages and unlike academic activities,it retained its essential character after the renaisance.
But looking back over the relative short time in some area of the world,there is a relization of a greater change in engineering philosophy from any point.
It is difficult to pin down exactly how the changes came about.perhaps,it is normal maturing process.
It may have been the asimilation of the hard lessons of experience.
It seems there is no one thing that can be identified as causing the change but rather a combination of many things in which there is no space to mention.
What is important is that the change had occured.
The change is this ,engineering is so much more than one realises an undergraduate.
There the concern is with theorical engineering tool with there bases,structures and usage.
The technique of mathematice,physis, chemistry and the advance derrivatives such as electricity,thermodynamics,structural analysis and mechanics that become familier to the engineering student.
one became adapted at reasoning, defining problems and applying proven methods for solving problems.
Management
It is an art of running an organization fruitfully with other people.
It entails control organization and co-ordination and involves money, materialand men.
It is essentially an optimization problem and cell for skills with some amount psychology,technology,economics, market conditions, finance, law,labour relations,law,labour relations and social awareness.
At sectional department level, an engineer-manager may be taking directing subordinate engineers and sometime advising non-technical supervisors.
wether he is the head of the entire organization or only a department manager,his role is mainly of one of taking a right decision.
In a given situation,planning well ahead, with well defined objectives and excuting his plan logically.These discipline may be taught in engineering schools or in a schools or in school of business management.
It entails control organization and co-ordination and involves money, materialand men.
It is essentially an optimization problem and cell for skills with some amount psychology,technology,economics, market conditions, finance, law,labour relations,law,labour relations and social awareness.
At sectional department level, an engineer-manager may be taking directing subordinate engineers and sometime advising non-technical supervisors.
wether he is the head of the entire organization or only a department manager,his role is mainly of one of taking a right decision.
In a given situation,planning well ahead, with well defined objectives and excuting his plan logically.These discipline may be taught in engineering schools or in a schools or in school of business management.
Sunday, April 1, 2018
Almost all engineering invention begins with a need.
On the verge of my research,
I discovered that almost all invention begin with a need,an engineer, scientist in his basement recognizes a need and search for a way to satistify it.
Transportation is one example.
The whole history of transportation from the horse and buggy days to the present is full of cases where a new device or technology has come along to replace the old.
In this case,the new developing device answers the need for safe,inexpensive and reliable way better than the old one.
Better roads come along because authomobile were beginning to move at higher speeds because all -wether roads were needed.
Another example is in communication.
The need for instantaneous comminications over a large distance brouht the telegraph which replaced the pony express.
Then the need for direct voice conversation gave rise to the telephone and communication has been blossoming ever since.
I discovered that almost all invention begin with a need,an engineer, scientist in his basement recognizes a need and search for a way to satistify it.
Transportation is one example.
The whole history of transportation from the horse and buggy days to the present is full of cases where a new device or technology has come along to replace the old.
In this case,the new developing device answers the need for safe,inexpensive and reliable way better than the old one.
Better roads come along because authomobile were beginning to move at higher speeds because all -wether roads were needed.
Another example is in communication.
The need for instantaneous comminications over a large distance brouht the telegraph which replaced the pony express.
Then the need for direct voice conversation gave rise to the telephone and communication has been blossoming ever since.
The role of engineering in society
Our society is becoming highly technological,we use dozen of our sophisticated devices every day,automobiles,television sets ,telephones, elevators and bridges to mentioned only but a few. In addition,there are thousand of less visible devices and methods. the equipment we use could not exist where it is not for remarkable assortment of materials and manifacturing technique technology has spawned .It is very unlikely that our civilization we ever turn around and become less technological. People want comfortable living,easy communication and travel, health care and recreation too much to turn back.why have all these technological advances appeared and what role does the engineer play in developing them? Almost all invension begin with the need,an engineer,scientist in his basement recognizes a need and search for a way to satisfy it.
Saturday, March 31, 2018
The important of Engineering laboratory
1, All practical work in engineering are conducted in the laboratory or workshop to ehance effective supervision.
2.Other work performed involved instrumentation and installation of effective machnery to enhance operation of essential devices.
3.which are calibrated for performance efficiency and other accuracy.
4. Machines are part of the product of engineering.
5. Mechanical structure are firstly examined forInspection, performance test and certification.
6. And inspection test and performance confirmation with the accompanied data or parameter is essential for evaluation and interpretation of the test details.
7.The mechanical engineer performs his or her obligation like the architech who designs and test or demonstrates the interpretation of his device. 8. Engineering is probably the oldest and most important occupation and operates like any other significant industrial field.
9. It will be of a great national and internation importance if urgent attentions is given to the problems and prospect of engineering etc in any other part of the world.
10.All the fields of engineering are inter connected, for cohesiveness and effectivity.
2.Other work performed involved instrumentation and installation of effective machnery to enhance operation of essential devices.
3.which are calibrated for performance efficiency and other accuracy.
4. Machines are part of the product of engineering.
5. Mechanical structure are firstly examined forInspection, performance test and certification.
6. And inspection test and performance confirmation with the accompanied data or parameter is essential for evaluation and interpretation of the test details.
7.The mechanical engineer performs his or her obligation like the architech who designs and test or demonstrates the interpretation of his device. 8. Engineering is probably the oldest and most important occupation and operates like any other significant industrial field.
9. It will be of a great national and internation importance if urgent attentions is given to the problems and prospect of engineering etc in any other part of the world.
10.All the fields of engineering are inter connected, for cohesiveness and effectivity.
Friday, March 30, 2018
Construction and design evaluation.
Mechanical construction,especially structures are designed by the engineers to enhance effectivity and effeciency in the process of design interpretation, layout planning and the structural analysis. Though in most of the construction network the supervision is usually performed by the engineer to avoid some fouling factors.Many engineers are seriously being enabled through their consistent learning in the the professional institutions.These institutions regulate and evaluate the scope of every registered engineer,they also provide arms through regular learning and techological proficiency. Many engineers in almost all facets of the profession in the world are also capable of handling good structural details. We suggest you contact some of these professional institutions for further information and guidance, including the neccessary procedural steps.
Thursday, March 29, 2018
Engineering as in the school.
The teaching of engineering should naturally embrace all the main disciplines which a typical engineer should be called upon later on to utilize.This is why is often required that this vital function be carried out by a professional engineer who should be personally committed to promoting the profession as any one else.From the above,at the junior level, the practice of the engineering is indistinguishable from that of the technician. where a technician has developed his talent and knowledge beyond his calling.The line between him and the engineer will sometimes disappear as far as the job performance is concerned. The public trust that the engineer should enjoy when the exercises discretion and judgement with an alternative solutions place a high responsibility on him whether in design, construction,management and any other of his fields.Integrity and competence must therefore go hand in hand whether the engineer is working for an employer or advices (design) as a consulting engineer.
professional ethice and practice of engineering
To an ordinary man an engineer is a person who designs ,constructs and repairs.
But an engineer presented this definition,
Engineers defined engineering as the practice of the scientific economy.
Application of scientific law governing the forces of materials of nature,
By means of organization,design,construction for the benefits of mankind.
Engineering was also simply defined by T.J Hoover (1941),as professional
and systematic application of science to the effecient utilization of natural
resource to produce wealth.
Engineering in our understanding as the act of directing the resources of power
in nature for the use of convinience of man.In the ancient engineering was craft based particularly in
some of the disciplines,such as mechanical and civil branches of the profession.
With the need for higher status,but more importantly,with increase in complexity and formalization of theories, there had been a marked tendency towards academic basis.
But an engineer presented this definition,
Engineers defined engineering as the practice of the scientific economy.
Application of scientific law governing the forces of materials of nature,
By means of organization,design,construction for the benefits of mankind.
Engineering was also simply defined by T.J Hoover (1941),as professional
and systematic application of science to the effecient utilization of natural
resource to produce wealth.
Engineering in our understanding as the act of directing the resources of power
in nature for the use of convinience of man.In the ancient engineering was craft based particularly in
some of the disciplines,such as mechanical and civil branches of the profession.
With the need for higher status,but more importantly,with increase in complexity and formalization of theories, there had been a marked tendency towards academic basis.
Wednesday, March 28, 2018
The engineer;s role.
Overlaps with that of an inventors
Percieve the societal needs which could concievably be met by some scientifically possible devices.
Possess qualities of character,
Single mindedness,
Self confidence,
Determination,
And inexhaustible imaginations.
In some countries the boundary between the Engineers and the technicians are clearly defined.
Production of devices are now left in the hands of the technicians.
While the Engineer plays only a supervisory role.
But in some other country there is a mixed activity role between these professionals.
These may be based on the optimal level of national development.
Hence it will be difficult to differentiate these professionals.
In such circumstance,the Engineer has to bother himself with design and production of such goods.
Percieve the societal needs which could concievably be met by some scientifically possible devices.
Possess qualities of character,
Single mindedness,
Self confidence,
Determination,
And inexhaustible imaginations.
In some countries the boundary between the Engineers and the technicians are clearly defined.
Production of devices are now left in the hands of the technicians.
While the Engineer plays only a supervisory role.
But in some other country there is a mixed activity role between these professionals.
These may be based on the optimal level of national development.
Hence it will be difficult to differentiate these professionals.
In such circumstance,the Engineer has to bother himself with design and production of such goods.
pprofessional practice of engineering
To the ordinary man ,an engineer is a person who designs,construct and repairs. However,engineer themselves defined engineering as practices of scientific economic application of the scientific governing the forces of materials of nature by means of organization, design and construction for the benefit of mankind.It was further described by Hoover (1941), as the professional and systematic application of science to the efficient ultilization of resources to produce wealth.
It was also defined as the act of directing the resources of power in nature for the use of convenience of man.Ancient days engineering was craft based, particularly in the civil and mechanical branches of the profession.
It was also defined as the act of directing the resources of power in nature for the use of convenience of man.Ancient days engineering was craft based, particularly in the civil and mechanical branches of the profession.
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